DNA sequencing refers to the particular arrangement of nucleotides in any given sample. There are four bases or deoxynucleotide triphosphates that will synthesize DNA. Nucleotides are added and organized to form the DNA strand or polymer chain. As this occurs different traits and characteristics will also be displayed by the organism. The DNA will be arranged in a single strand. The process involves mixing the DNA with the four foundation nucleotide bases, namely dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP. The chain generally continues to add the nucleotides in a sequence until a dideoxy nucleotide ceases the chain as it is brought by a DNA polymerase. In some cases, a lot of normal nucleotides can be added before the chain is stopped by the dideoxy nucleotide. Laboratory tests have tried mixing DNA with all four foundation bases and a DNA polymerase. The mixture is incubated and then arranged according to length.
DNA sequencing is used in several aspects and applications like diagnostics, forensics, biotechnology and system applications. Several studies and tests have been done to show the full DNA sequence of various human beings and species of plants and animals. The approach was first done several decades ago using two-dimensional chromatography. Today, the traditional tests which widely use dye have been replaced by automatic and state-of-the-art analysis, making it easier to observe and determine patterns and sequencing among subjects.
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